The domain of a function is the set of all its inputs, the x-values. The range is the set of all its outputs, the y-values. To find them, list the x- and y-values in a set of points or a table. On a graph, see how far it reaches left to right (domain) and bottom to top (range).
Function notation is a way to name a function and show its input. In f(x) = 2x + 3, f is the name of the function, x is the input, and f(x) is the output. To evaluate f(4), replace x with 4: f(4) = 2(4) + 3 = 11.
A relation is any set of ordered pairs that links inputs to outputs. A function is a relation where each input has exactly one output. To tell if a relation is a function, check that no input repeats with a different output. On a graph, use the vertical line test.
Probability tells how likely an event is, as a number from 0 to 1. Divide the number of favorable outcomes by the total number of outcomes. For a fair coin, the probability of heads is 1/2.
A box plot shows how a data set is spread out using five numbers: the minimum, the first quartile, the median, the third quartile and the maximum. The box covers the middle half of the data.
Dot plots and histograms show how often values appear in a data set. A dot plot puts one dot above a number line for each value. A histogram groups values into equal intervals and draws touching bars.
The mean is the average: add the values and divide by how many there are. The median is the middle value, the mode is the most common value, and the range is the largest minus the smallest.
A composite figure is a shape made of simpler shapes. To find its area, split it into rectangles, triangles or half circles, find each area, then add them or subtract any part that is cut out.
The area of a trapezoid is half the sum of its two parallel sides times its height: A = 1/2 × (b1 + b2) × h. For example, bases of 6 and 10 with a height of 4 give an area of 32.
The area of a rectangle is length times width, A = l × w. The area of a parallelogram is base times height, A = b × h. Area is the space inside a shape, measured in square units.
